Quand le passé est un mauvais guide pour l’avenir : comment la crise économique mondiale a accéléré les mutations de la démocratie

La démocratie est-elle en crise ? Alors que les titres de grands journaux et de best-sellers de sciences politiques le suggèrent, la considération de différentes définitions de la démocratie révèle une situation plus complexe dans laquelle la démocratie en tant qu’aspiration et principe fondamental d’égalité politique semble n’avoir jamais été aussi peu questionnée, tandis que le régime de la démocratie libérale a quant à lui perdu de son attractivité.

Essais Économie Gouvernance et développement

Nowe Spojrzenie na Polskę

Jaka jest Polska?”, brzmi tytuł akcji prowadzonej przez Fundację im. Stefana Batorego i Kulturę Niepodległą na stulecie niepodległości. Być może ściślej byłoby ją nazwać „Jacy są Polacy?”, ponieważ zarówno w sondażu reprezentatywnym, jak i w otwartym quizie internetowym, Polacy byli przede wszystkim pytani o siebie, a w mniejszym stopniu o to, jak sobie wyobrażają Polskę jako państwo lub grupę współobywateli.

Essais Pologne

Is Polish current historical policy turning its back on Europe?

Whereas many European states are reluctant to carry out an active “historical policy”, preferring – or pretending – to remain neutral in historical issues and to leave them to scholars, Poland, especially since the return to power in 2015 of the ultra-conservative party Law and Justice (PiS), is not bothered to enforce such a policy in various spheres under state control, from public media to schools, diplomacy and cultural action.

Essais Pologne Histoire

Tourism, sustainable cities and circular economy: 3 sectors full of perspectives for Japan’s trade of international services

In its contemporary history, which can be considered having started in 1945, Japan has achieved the remarkable performance of having most of the time recorded trade surpluses. This result is all the more impressive that it has been mainly driven by exports of goods, almost constantly on the rise since the Japanese economic take-off in the 1950-1960s, despite limited local availability of raw materials and, after 1980, a stagnant population.

Essais Économie Asie

An energy tax revision to reduce debt, boost investment and employment and facilitate the adoption of other structural reforms

In a context of lack of confidence, depressed investment and aggregate demand as well as deflation risks, all of these phenomena occurring despite a conjunction of favourable factors (cheap oil, weaker euro and very accommodative monetary policy), we propose to take up the proposal of the European Commission to revise the Energy Taxation Directive, introduced in 2011 and withdrawn last year due to the opposition of the Parliament and the Council.

Essais Union européenne Économie

Taxing “dead capital” to make it more productive

At least since the birth of modern capitalism in eighteenth-century Europe, competition has been recognized by many economists and other theoreticians of ethics and social sciences as an essential driver of progress. Either applied to trade, politics or science, competition, they claimed, stimulates innovation and confronts products, services, parties or ideas on a marketplace that rewards the best and sanctions the worst, alike a permanent race where spectators are also expected to be voters, as it should be the case in liberal democracies.

Essais Économie